What You Dont Know About Term Paper Writing Might Shock You

What You Don't Know About Term Paper Writing Might Shock You Term Paper Writing - Is it a Scam? What you have to do is to fill out the purchase form, make a payment, and in a couple minutes, you'll get your individual essay helper. Such research can take a great deal of time and energy, which isn't always possible, particularly if your deadline is right around the corner and you need to receive your work done whenever possible. When you're assigned a term paper in nearly every course you take, and the majority of them are due within the exact same timeframe (usually at the conclusion of a semester), you're facing a tremendous burden at precisely the same time that you're attempting to begin your reviews for either mid-terms of finals. After all, should you not get your term paper delivered on time you are only wasting your money and you'll get a poor grade for not turning in your assignment in time. 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Is Abortion A Criminal Act Or Not - 936 Words

Is abortion a criminal act or not? Is abortion a criminal act or not, it depends entirely on the laws of each country regulations, countries have national prohibition and permission. However, it is permissible to be understood that abortion must be done at the medical facility and have a valid state license, rather than have an abortion right in anywhere and by any way. Question title of this article: Abortion is still a crime? not to target the legal aspects of the problem of abortion, which is the moral aspect, the moral. Said the law cannot allow abortion, but conscience and human morality always said that demolished a fetus is an act of destroying life, was an act of murder. A fetus when the mother figurative heart has a human and†¦show more content†¦The casually kill and throw away the corpse with cold blood that made people accidentally witness be stunned. The number of such cases keep increasing constantly, makes many people cannot help wondering about the moral decadence of society. Tiger could not bear to eat their own child is saying how life ethic has been handed down in the time to talk about the heart of the mother. The image of monkey fighting back fiercely the hawk to protect their little baby is a beautiful and sacred images of the love from parents, went to the heart of people through generations. Yet, now they seem to have been quite a lot of people forget when they behave far below both the animal. There is a paradox that the more civilized society, the more science advances, the life is improved, people more casually than in the cancellation of the life of the fetus. Always have plenty of reasons to be cited to justify every crime that is produced on this earth, but to kill the fetus, there is one thing the killer indisputable: They did not see the fetus other children are human. Inhuman way of thinking and life against it is clearly the result of alienation of the human way of life and the erosion of human conscience. How can it be acceptable to enhance the quality of life of individuals by elimination of the life of another human being! Fetus is human? Clearly, the heartless destruction fetus

Free Sample for Analysis of Etisalat Strategies

Question: Discuss about theEtisalat Strategic Analysis. Answer: Company Description Historically, Etisalat or Emirates Telecommunication Corporation was founded as a joint-stock between a British company, International Aeradio Limited and local partners in 1976. Later, the companys ownership structure changed when the United Arab Emirates acquired 60% ownership and the remaining percentage traded to the public. The corporations privileges to offer wireless and wired services across UAE region was granted by central government through the Federal law No. 1 in 1991. The Law also allowed the company to issue licenses for importing, owning, and operating or manufacturing telecommunication equipment making it a telecom giant in the region (ETISALAT, 2016). The law which was aimed at facilitating countrys economic growth provided a platform for telecommunication progress across UAE region. As a result, the corporations network progress and intensification improved trade lines in the region from 36,000 to 737,000 1976 to 1998. Etisalats growth is evident in January 2001 when it extended its operations to the global market. Under brand name Ufone, Etisalat entered markets outside Islamabad offering mobile services. By 2011 the company was ranked 140th among the Top 500 Global Corporations by Financial Times regarding market capitalization (ETISALAT, 2016). Furthermore, it was ranked the sixth largest company by Middle East Magazine regarding revenue and capitalization. Additionally, the corporation was considered the major provider of growth programs in the United Arab Emirates besides oil sector. The Corporation has played an important role as a major business hub in UAE for more than forty years. It is also among the pioneers of the international telecommunication trade supporting the region into new top innovations especially in the technology sector. For instance, the company made UAE appear among the first five five countries to own 3D television service in the globe (ETISALAT, 2016). The corporation has also become the pacesetters of the next generation networks for both fiber optic cables and wireless services. Etisalat is also in the process of launching 4G LTE network in UAE and Saudi Arabia. Apparently, the company owns the fastest broadband and fixed-line network at a speed of 30mbps in the Middle East. Its broadband services are also considered one of the most efficient and fastest globally with speeds of about 300Mbps. Etisalat has high and effective technological expertise which has enabled it to capture substantial market share extending across UAE. It also has a huge presence in Egypt and Saudi Arabia where it has acquired more markets due to markets dynamics resulting from the introduction of broadband services and internet access and mobile television. In addition to its wide market, the company has been recognized as the best wholesale provider four times in a row and the best operator in the region since 2006 (ETISALAT, 2016). Due to its remarkable performance, Etisalat has won numerous accolades for best brand and the best customer service among others in the region. Porters Five Forces Analysis Threats of New Entrants It is safe to argue that the biggest barrier to entry in the capital-intensive telecom industry is access to finance. Serious contenders usually require a large amount of capital to cover the high fixed cost. However, if capital markets including the banks are generous, the threat resulting from competition posed by new entrants increases. Nonetheless, the rate of entry into the industry is relatively low when there are less financial opportunities for potential investors (LUFTMAN, 1993). Meanwhile, owning a telecom license especially in the region can bar new entrants. For example, in countries like Pakistan, there is a small amount of good radio spectrum lending itself to data applications and mobile voice. Moreover, there is scarce solid management experience and operating skills which may make entry more difficult. Power of Suppliers Considerably, suppliers of telecom equipment have substantial bargaining power over operators. This is because operators would not be able to transmit data and voice without switching equipment, mobile handset, fiber-optic cables and billing software. However, there are numerous equipment makers or supplier around the globe including Cisco, Nortel, Lucent, Alcatel, Nokia, Tellabs and Ericsson among others. Additionally, there are enough vendors in the business to dilute bargaining power thus giving operators an upper hand. Nonetheless, the industry is faced with the limited number or talented engineers and managers well versed in new technologies, and this minimizes the companies ability to hire and offer competitive salaries (LUFTMAN, 1993). In a nutshell, Supplier power is controlled by the fact that there are many manufacturers around the world, therefore, giving telecom operators many options to choose from. Power of Buyers There is increased the choice of telecom products and services hence increased bargaining power for buyers. The emergence of competitors in the UAE region offer disparate data and telephone services presenting buyers with various options (ANONYMOUS, 2010). Nevertheless, the variance of data and telephone services from one company to another is not much. This is because most telecom companies treat the basic services as a commodity. Therefore, most customers tend to go for low price services rather than reliable services. However, the power of a buyer can also vary based on different market segments. For example, residential telecom customers have low switching cost whereas they can be higher for the enterprise of large business customers such as those relying on customized services and products. Availability of Substitutes There has been the emergence of numerous non-traditional telecom industries which pose substitution threat. Satellite operators and Cable TV are now competing for buyers. Cable TVs have direct lines to peoples homes providing broadband internet services. Moreover, satellite links offer high-speed internet access suitable for large enterprises hence may substitute the traditional telecom industry. New players in the market also include energy utility companies and railways who have laid miles of large telecom networks along the tracks as well as the pipeline assets. As a result creation of high-speed Internet poses significant substitute to telecom operators as it is being used for cut-rate voice calls. Internet telephone which is being offered by the new industries could snatch buyers from the traditional telecom companies thus limiting revenue. Similarly, the introduction of internet-based messaging services like whatsApp has also eaten up a portion of revenue earned by the traditional telecom companies (UAE, 2011). Such like application which relies on the internet to ensure instant messaging have reduced the use of traditional expensive messaging. However, it can also be argued that the traditional telecom companies have a stake in internet provision and hence for such applications. Nonetheless, that does not guarantee a hundred percent revenue realization since non-traditional satellite operators and Cable TV have a share in internet provision. Competitive Rivalry Competition, especially in the UAE region, is a cut throat. This is attributed to the receptive capital market in the region as well the industrial deregulation that occurred during the late 2000s (UAE, 2011).It gave way for new entrants to rush in and occupy part of the market which was initially controlled by the giant Etisalat. Additionally, the emergence of new technologies has also led to the development of substitute services which rival those provided by Etisalat. Currently, almost everybody in the region pays for phone services; it is thus upon the providers to attract customers through quality services and low prices. As a result, price wars lead to the decline in industry profitability. Alongside reduced profits, the industry has high exit barriers because of its specialized equipment. The broadcasting and switching equipment are not easy to transfer from one location to another making it difficult exit a particular market for another. Swot Analysis Etisalat Telecommunications enjoys a healthy position. The company has significant strengths that balance out its weaknesses. There is fast growing the need for internet and services in the region presenting great market opportunities. On the other hand, the company also faces an immense competitive threat as new competitors are joining the market whereas key competitors are scrambling for new opportunities. Strengths The first strength of Etisalat telecommunications is its control for almost all aspects of telecommunication services. It thus limits both local and foreign investment in Internet gateways as well as telecommunications. Being the main service provider in UAE gives Etisalat the monopoly advantage where it controls various major resources in telecommunication thus barring potential entrants. Secondly, UAE consists of small population and country which makes it easy for deploying latest telecommunication infrastructure. Installation of telecommunication infrastructure on a smaller region is also cost effective due to reduced coverage area. It is easier to serve a small concentrated population compared to scattered one since network signal broadcasting would be utilized effectively. Third, Etisalat has received overwhelming support from the governed through heavy investments in the industry infrastructure. Furthermore, the government has set up policies aimed at allowing foreign technolo gy firms into UAEs free trade zones like Jebel Ali and Dubai Internet City free trade zones (AL ANSARI, 2009). This will enable the region to diversify further in by adopting new telecommunication technologies hence boosting Etisalat services. Access to new technology infrastructures would also help the company gain a competitive advantage against its substitutes aiming to rely on superior technology to oust them. The company does provide customer training services which may escalate its expenses further. However, the introduction of Internet services has made some operations complicated forcing the company to formulate ways of making it customer friendly. Such plans could help train its users on the usage of Internet services without having to incur further lose on direct customer training. Furthermore, providing user-friendly systems would give the company a competitive edge against its close competitors. This is because it would improve the quality of service provision above its competitors which is preferred by most customers. Etisalat telecommunications is capable of attracting and retain highly qualified and competent sales, technical, financial, marketing and management personnel to satisfy its growth challenges (ETISALAT, 2016). The company has gained an effective reputation in the region and is thus able to attract and train potential personnel to catapult its growth. Additionally, it also has a reputation for effective compensation programs which may enable it to attract the best technical team in the industry both in the region and globally. The company has an efficient product roadmap to facilitate its development and growth through the creation of new functionalities (ETISALAT, 2016). Etisalats comprehensive product roadmap can also enable it to improve the existing system modules to satisfy customer expectations. For instance, the companys investment on broadband internet services such as the introduction of 4G can enable it to stay afloat in the industry. High-speed internet through 4G will help the company compete with others in the provision of internet telephone an area that is being explored by most ISP companies in the region. Furthermore, the company is planning on investing in cloud storage as well as web hosting. This would enable it to attract large enterprises looking to invest in cloud storage. Hosting services are widely used by both individuals and firms looking to host their content online like websites. This would enable the company to attract or grab more customers from the existing companies offering the same services. Such lucrative product roadmap would enable the company increase its profitability and expand further to other countries. Weaknesses Etisalat is suffering from modernization or under development in the UAE region. For some areas such as Ajman, Al-Khaimah, Umm al Qaywayn and Al Fujairah internet access is still considered expensive and unaffordable to many (AL ANSARI, 2009). However, other modernized administrative emirate such Dubai, Sharjah, and Abu Dhabi can afford modern technologies and form a substantial portion of its customers. Nonetheless, unless the modernization gap is filled, the company would not be able to realize the maximum benefit and profitability. Additionally, there is stiff competition in the modernized areas where international companies have joined to offer substitute products and services thus limiting its customer base. Opportunities Etisalat telecommunications enjoys a sound reputation for its service efficiency and high technology both locally and internationally. It, therefore, has an upper hand regarding oversea investment. Additionally, the company has received generous financial support from financial institutions and banks. The banks are ready to finance its strategies on international expansion hence increasing its opportunities to explore the global market. Threats Apparently, there is strong growing competition in the industry in UAE. Other companies have invested in more comprehensive customer care services to boost their service quality, and this is expected to increase even more in the coming future. Alongside stiff competition from independent service providers, it also competes with system integrators as well as the internal billing departments serving various telecommunication carriers (LUFTMAN, 1993). System integrators have been able to improve Etisalats services beyond the traditional ones thus attracting more buyers. The telecommunication industry expects increased competition due to continued growth creating opportunities for new potential entrants. As the telecommunication industry grows most, investors are expected to join the market with more competitive products and services. The three developed regions such as Abu Dhabi, Sharjah and Dubai have attracted international market with many people flowing from different parts of the world for business (UAE, 2011). Therefore, the region is experiencing an increase in general population which converts to market. De-regulation of the trade policies in the region has also contributed to increasing flow of businesses in the industry thus creating cut throat competition. There has been an increase in third party relationships consisting of numerous system integrators and consulting firms to improve marketing, customer support and sales. However, such relationship is beneficial to the company through lead generation and handling of joint sales and marketing efforts to create new business opportunities. Therefore, failure to create such relationships would hinder the companys ability to meet target sales growth. Total excoriation of the market also poses a threat to the growth of the industry due to scattered population as compared to investment in infrastructure. Global Expansion Telecommunications has become a significant part of economic, social, and political factors of the world. The main advances witnessed in technology have enhanced the range of services offered by network substantially. The introduction of technologies such as satellites, optical cable links, microwave radio, transmission and digital switching have boosted network quality as well as extending access to remote places (LUFTMAN, 1993). This has made the world a fully integrated information network allowing the flow of information from one point another. Moreover, there is an increase in the rate of technological change with increasing magnitude of local and global demand. In the future, creativity will have to adapt to increased demand for more than just superior technology. Customers will demand the need to have full control over their lives and access to easily affordable information. Additionally, alongside seeking for technologies that would enable them to stay competitive and product ive, businesses will also demand technologies that would give them a return on investment. Being among the worlds best telecommunication industries, Etisalat is well-placed to satisfy these needs and meet the challenges (ETISALAT, 2016). According to the 2004 public relation press, the company promised to continue contributing to providing assistance, guiding and creating cost-effective services to satisfy varied needs of both domestic and international customers. The company is currently introducing new services tailored to meet customers dynamic need as they upgrade the existing ones regularly. Such improvements and much more are aimed at enabling their customers improve and streamline their communication needs, compete globally and stay productive. The company is also working on compensating the loss of local market by expanding the international market. PestelAnalysis This analysis examines the companys political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. Political Sector It is important to consider legal or political factors in strategy formulation for the success of a company. It is evident that Etisalat since its initiation stage has observed business ethics and headed to legal issues in all its actions. The company makes sure that their services are useful regarding their social responsibilities. Politically, the company has been helpful to the society by supporting numerous technological and science advancements in the region (ETISALAT, 2016). Economic Sector Etisalat exudes continuous economic growth rate every year. The company has established economic stability through innovation of its services to continue serving individuals and corporate sectors both locally and globally. Sociocultural Sector Culture has played an important role in dictating market features and is thus crucial in understanding an industry. This is because a company needs a general set of believing on the influence of culture on its failure or success to operate effectively. Etisalat thus ensures that the opinions of its employees are considered regardless of their nationality. As an international expansion strategy, the company has employees from different cultures which help in decision making (ETISALAT, 2016). Moreover, the companys international managers have developed a positive relationship with the local managers to help in decision making as well as business operations. Technology Sector Technology has been a crucial factor in achieving business success through enhanced effectiveness, efficiency, competitiveness as well as the development of innovative applications. Historically, Etisalat has invested in high-quality technology to meet customers demands in communications (ANONYMOUS, 2010). The company also carries out regular monitoring of its physical resources to maintain efficiency and hence improve its position in the industry. Challenges and Recommendations Etisalat faces numerous challenges that require proper formulation and implementation of strategies. One of the major challenges facing the company is its contrasting response process to changes. There have been numerous industrial changes which have created opportunities to be taken by new companies. For example, the shift to internet telephone through audio and video calls has greatly changed the industry with increasing demand for high-speed internet connection (UAE, 2011). The demand for high-speed internet connection has grown from individual to corporate use creating a market void. Quick integration to the provision of the fast internet has been a challenge to the company especially due to strong competition from other contenders. One solution to such challenges would be the development of strategic alliances with both local and global suppliers to enhance the integration process. Acquiring state-of-the-art technologies especially in internet provision would enable the company to adapt to the increasing demand. Secondly, to explore international market, the company should alter its strategic direction with the aim of including changes in new management approaches. This will enable it to profile different target markets regarding demands and preferences. Besides, it should develop a human resource management strategy that will enable it to enhance communication, efficiency, team building and productivity. References List ETISALA. (2016).About Us. [Online] Accessed: July 7, 2016. Available at https://www.etisalat.ae/index.jsp?lang=entype=channelcurrentid=a79a8e621187b010VgnVCM1000000c24a8c0____parentid=ed38800d1f52a010VgnVCM1000000a0a0a0a LUFTMAN, J.N.; LEWIS, P.R; OLDACH, S.H. (1993). Transforming the Enterprise: The alignment of Business and Information Technology Strategies.IBM Systems Journal32(1): 198-221. AL ANSARI, M. S. O., (2009). High Performance Teams in the UAE: a Case Study in Etisalat. Dubai. ANONYMOUS, (2010). Etisalat focuses on enabling UAE enterprises leverage growth opportunities through ICT. Al Bawaba. ETISALAT: Company Profile. [Online] Available at https://www.etisalat.ae/en/aboutus/ etisalatcorporation/corporation/profile/company-profile.jsp [Accessed 7th July. 2016]. Strategic Management Approaches for Managing change. [Online] Available at https:// www. ukessays.com/essays/management/strategic-management-approaches-for-managing-change-management-essay.php [Accessed 7th July 2016]. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: (2011). Etisalat Launches the Third Cohort of the Future Leaders Programme in Etisalat Academy to Empower UAE National Skills and Develop their Capabilities. MENA Report.

Termpaper on Joint product costing Essay Example

Termpaper on Joint product costing Essay A new paradigm has been emerged in the present industrial sector where a manufacturing organization uses a single process to produce more than one product. This paradigm adds complexity in the simultaneous production of more than one product from a Joint process. Their determination at the cost of such products, individually, hence posses a difficult task to the cost accountant especially because they are of such varied nature characterized by many varieties. Despite difficulty it is possibly essential to make a fair and equitable allocation of cost to each product nice this is critically important not only for stock valuation and income determination but also increasingly for assessment of excise duty, transfer pricing etc, and also for divisional profitability etc. This study concentrates to explore the area not so much conceptually, but more as a practical guide to illustrate some of the methods adopted in practice by the manufactures. We will write a custom essay sample on Termpaper on Joint product costing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Termpaper on Joint product costing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Termpaper on Joint product costing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The methods fall under two broad categories a) Market value basis and b) Physical measurement basis. The market value basis adopts the accepted cost concept of what the product can bear while the physical measurement basis is based on physical measures as weight, illume etc. Literature survey has highlighted certain other methods as techno commercial factor evaluation basis and input based cost driver basis. Robert Kaplan and Antonym Atkinson have given an illustration as how the Joint and by-products costing method can be used as a tool in the resource allocation process. The paper aims to generate further discussion, with illustration from more industries to help formulate proper guidelines on this complex issue of Joint and by-product costing. 2. 0: Acknowledgement Going through various sources of information we arrived at the generally accepted cost accounting practices where the vital inputs on concepts along with practical examples were compiled from the articles and textbooks of reputed authors as stated in the references. We are grateful to Tanzania Hues, Assistant Professor, department of Accounting Information Systems, who germinated the idea of bringing out such a special paper on Joint Product and By-product Costing. We would like to convey our heartiest gratitude to the entire information provider for their valuable suggestions, information and contributions that have helped us much in preparing this report. 3. : Origin of the report In case of identifying, allocating and apportioning common costs to several products or output services the multi-product or multi-process and multi service industries always face an uncertainty. The final product or service cost will reflect the full cost only if these common costs are allocated or apportioned in some way to the individual final product. In the case of process industries, where the process flow is common up to a stage and then segregates into two or more process lines to produce more than one product then the problem of allocation or apportionment of common r Joint cost becomes significant. The essence of Joint product or by-product costing lays in the allocation or apportionment of Joint processing cost to the individual products in as equitable a manner as possible. Although the allocation or apportionment of Joint costs to determine the full cost of individual products may not be of much help from the point of view of management decision-making, it is very much essential for external financial reporting, reporting under various statutory requirements, valuation for tax legislation and also for valuation of inventories for horn period profit determination. The phenomenon of a production process, producing simultaneously, more than one product could be observed in a wide variety of industries, For example: Coal mining washing and Coke production resulting in the production of Coal, Coke, Gas, Tar and Ammonia. Petroleum refining resulting in the production of Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel, Furnace oil etc. In this industry a very large number of Joint and byproducts occur in cracking or refining crude oil. Agricultural Product industries such as vegetable oil crushing of oil seeds resulting in production of oil and cake. From the process of refining oil, soap stock arises which could be further processed into soap and allied products. In Milk industry, the three joint products are Cream, Liquid Milk and Skim. The cream is again processed into Butter and ghee. The liquid milk and skim is processed to produce whole milk, full cream milk and standard milk. 3. : Purpose of the report The objectives of this term paper is to identify the principles to be followed in the recognition of products as Joint product or by-products and to prescribe some generally accepted methods to determine more accurate and reliable cost of ND uniform basis to provide better transparency in the ascertaining the cost of Joint and by-products. The ascertainment of the cost of Joint products and by-product can be used for the following purposes: (I) Uniform basis of Valuation of manufactured products, Work -in-pro cess and intermediate products. For assessment of excise duty and other value based taxes relating to Joint products and by-products. (iii) Assessment of value of specific products under various measures such as anti- dumping, transfer pricing etc. , (v) Determining the value and responding to regulatory authorities for Joint products or services. V) Measuring product performance and internal reporting for segment profitability. 3. 3: Methodology: In order to prepare this term paper we have applied our classroom knowledge as well as taken help from different writers books preferably from the book of Cost Accounting by Charles T. Horned et al. This term paper also comprises the combined effort of all group members. We have tried to present the concept of Joint production cost in variety of organizational situation and how this cost can be allocated to different products from the Joint production process. Along with Joint cost ND its allocation we have also tried to present how the by product from a production process can be recognized and presented in the financial statements specially in the income statement of the company. 3. 4: Limitation of the Paper The report may encounter the shortcomings due to the following reasons: Lack of practical knowledge to link up with theories. Probability of skipping any material items. Dependency on the secondary information. Time constraints 3. 5: Terminology used in the term paper Joint-products: Two or more product that have high total sales value compared with he total sales values of other products yielded by Joint production process (Horned) or in other words -Two or more products separated in the course of processing, each having a sufficiently high sellable value to merit recognition as a main product. Example: Ethylene and Propylene arising from the cracking of Naphtha. By-product: A product, which is secondary to the main product and obtained during the course of manufacture of recognized main product. It is called a by-product because of the relatively lower importance it has as compared with the main product or products. By-product cost is commonly regarded as difficult to determine. By-product is usually subjected to further processing after separation from the main product, if such processing will increase the value added or promote the sale of the main product. For example, in a Petroleum Refinery, gas was earlier considered as a by-product. Now, it has assumed importance like petrol, diesel, etc. And it is being treated as a Joint product. Scrap: Residual material left over when making a product. Waste: Discarded substances having no significant value (as distinct from scrap)- ECMA. Joint Cost: Joint cost are defined as common cost of facilities or services employed in the output of two or more simultaneously produced or otherwise closely related operations, commodities or service. Split off point: The point in the common production process at which the separate products are identifiable. There may be process and the total numbers of products that emerge from the process. 4. 0: Body of the report 4. 1: The nature of Joint Product 4. 1. 1 . Fixed and variable proportions Although Joint products have a definite quantitative relationship to each other, this relationship may take different forms. The nature of the Joint products output can either be in fixed or variable proportions. The relationship between the products is fixed if an increase in the output of one product of a group results in a proportionate increase in the output of the other products. In contrast, if the increase in output of one product results in either a decrease or has no effect on the output of one or more of the remaining products then the relationship between the outputs is one of variable proportions. This variation in output proportions may only be controlled within certain limits and only arises in certain processes. 4. 1. 2. Intermediate and final products: Joint products arise from a common process or series of processes, the latter giving rise to intermediate products. Intermediate products can be defined as those products to be further treated and processed to produce main product, where the main products in a multi-purpose operation may take the form of intermediate products at a certain stages of production and finished products at the final stage of production. 4. 1. 3. Joint and Separation costs: The fundamental feature of Joint product is that they incur Joint cost up to a certain stage of production, known as the split off point, where they become recognizable as operate products. The costs incurred in the Joint process cannot be separately traced to the individual product output Subsequent to the split-off point any cost incurred e. G. The additional processing costs, can be identified with specific products and may be termed separable or attributable cost. For a cost to be separable, it must be possible to trace it with reasonable certainty to a single product. 4. 2. Joint Product By-product costing principles 4. 2. 1 . There are two basic approaches to costing of Joint product and by-products, which are given below: Joint Product Approach: Under this approach, more than one reduce is treated as Joint product and the Joint processing costs are allocated between the products on an appropriate basis. Main Product / By-product Approach: Under this approach, only one product will be given the status of a main product and all other products arising from the process will be treated as by-products. In this method, the Joint costs are not allocated between the products instead; the net revenue (sales value less further processing expenses, selling expenses, etc. F any) generated from the products is credited to the Joint costs and the remaining Joint cost is totally absorbed by the main product. . 2. 2. Recognition off product as Joint product or by-product: There are no hard and fast rules to determine whether a product is a Joint product or by-product. Normally, products which are incidental to the produc tion of main products and products which are insignificant in value product changes from by-product to main product or vice versa due to a number of factors like changes in market price, competition, demand or technology may suggest a re-classification. Therefore, the classification between the main product and by- product has to be reviewed continuously. 4. 2. 3. Identification of Joint and By- Products: Recognition of Joint products and by-products is purely by relative commercial values. Further, such relative values are not permanent as their relative importance of Joint and by-products is evanescent in nature, as can be seen by the following two examples. In the sugar industry, till about four decades back, press mud was Just a waste product of nuisance value, that needed continuous disposal at additional costs or else it will create contamination. Subsequently, through research, it was found that the press mud contained rich nutrients which stimulate plant growth, as a result f which it became a commercially valuable product. 4. 3. Methods of Apportionment of Joint Costs: The generally accepted cost apportionment methods are of two principal types. They are broadly, Market Value Bases: Bases assumed to measure the ability to absorb joint costs, where the resulting product costs are related to some market value of the products. Under this method, Joint cost allocations are made based on the individual products ability to absorb, as indicated by the sales prices. While choosing a selling price, it is important to choose a representative period considering the normal cycle f fluctuations. Such a representative figure may be the daily average of the past month or quarterly average as may be appropriate. In case the products are sold to different markets, the adjusted market value, eliminating freight and brokerage or commission elements or any other cost is to be taken. Horned rightly points out that market based measure are difficult to use in the context of rate regulation. It is circular reasoning to use selling process as a basis for selling prices (rates) and at the same time use selling prices to allocate the cost on which prices (rates) are based. To void this circular reasoning the physical measures method may be used in rate regulation environment. Physical Unit Bases: Where individual products are from a common input, and none of the products, can be categorized as a by-product, this method is followed. Under this method, the Joint costs are allocated to individual products on some physical measurement basis, biz. Weight, volume, or some other common unit used to measure output. (Egg: calorific content. ) This method is suitable under circumstances where the units of measurement of the final products are the same or capable of being measured in similar units. In industries where Joint products emerge in different physical state and are therefore measured in differing physical units, a problem arise in establishing a common denominator. However, even in case where the outputs emerges as solids, liquids and gases, a common unit or physical co-efficient such as weight, can normally be found as a conversion factor (the weight of a gas is calculated given the volume, temperature and pressure). Another form of physical unit basis is the weighted average method based on pre- determined standards. Some technical estimation is used to reduce all output to a moon denominator. The weights may possibly be based on size of units, time consumed in making them, material consumption etc. The actual numbers of output the Joint cost apportionment is based. Cost drivers as a base: The development and implementation of Activity Based Costing in many enterprises have made available cost drivers, as an integral part of the Cost Management System. Therefore, the cost drivers can be used as a logical basis for cost allocation. 4. 4. Market value basis 4. 4. 1 . Apportionment of Joint cost on the basis of sales value: The apportionment of mint costs on the basis sales value of the products will be followed when no other rational basis for apportionment of Joint cost is available and the Joint products are sold without any further processing at split off point.

Biography of Martha Carrier, Accused Witch

Biography of Martha Carrier, Accused Witch Martha Carrier (​born Martha Allen; died August 19, 1692) was one of 19 people accused of witchcraft who were hanged during the 17th century Salem witch trials. Another person died of torture, and four died in prison, although the trials lasted only from spring to September of 1692. The trials began when a group of girls in Salem Village (now Danvers), Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of being witches. As hysteria spread throughout colonial Massachusetts, a special court was convened in Salem to hear the cases. Fast Facts: Martha Carrier Known For: Conviction and execution as a witchBorn: Date unknown in Andover, MassachusettsDied: Aug. 19, 1692 in Salem, MassachusettsSpouse: Thomas CarrierChildren: Andrew Carrier, Richard Carrier, Sarah Carrier, Thomas Carrier Jr., possibly others Early Life Carrier was born in Andover, Massachusetts, to parents who were among the original settlers there. She married Thomas Carrier, a Welsh indentured servant, in 1674, after giving birth to their first child, a scandal that wasnt forgotten. They had several children- sources give numbers ranging from four to eight- and lived for a time in Billerica, Massachusetts, moving back to Andover to live with her mother after her fathers death in 1690. The Carriers were accused of bringing smallpox to Andover; two of their children had died of the disease in Billerica. That Carriers husband and two other children were ill with smallpox and survived was considered suspect- especially because Carriers two brothers had died of the disease, which put her in line to inherit her fathers property. She was known as a strong-minded, sharp-tongued woman, and she argued with her neighbors when she suspected them of trying to cheat her and her husband. Witch Trials Belief in the supernatural- specifically, in the devil’s ability to give humans the power to harm others through witchcraft in return for their loyalty to him- had emerged in Europe as early as the 14th century and was widespread in colonial New England. Coupled with the smallpox epidemic, the aftermath of a British-French war in the colonies, fears of attacks from nearby Native American tribes, and a rivalry between rural Salem Village and the more affluent Salem Town (now Salem), the witch hysteria had created suspicions among neighbors and a fear of outsiders. Salem Village and Salem Town were near Andover. The first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop, was hanged that June. Carrier was arrested on May 28, along with her sister and brother-in-law, Mary and Roger Toothaker, their daughter Margaret (born 1683), and several others. They all were charged with witchcraft. Carrier, the first Andover resident caught up in the trials, was accused by the four Salem girls, as they were called, one of whom worked for a competitor of Toothaker. Beginning the previous January, two young Salem Village girls had begun having fits that included violent contortions and uncontrolled screaming. A study published in Science magazine in 1976 said the fungus ergot, found in rye, wheat, and other cereals, can cause delusions, vomiting, and muscle spasms, and rye had become the staple crop in Salem Village due to problems with cultivating wheat. But a local doctor diagnosed bewitchment. Other young local girls soon began to exhibit symptoms similar to those of the Salem Village children. On May 31, Judges John Hathorne, Jonathan Corwin, and Bartholomew Gedney examined Carrier, John Alden, Wilmott Redd, Elizabeth How, and Phillip English. Carrier maintained her innocence, though the accusing girls- Susannah Sheldon, Mary Walcott, Elizabeth Hubbard, and Ann Putnam- demonstrated their supposed afflictions caused by Carriers powers. Other neighbors and relatives testified about curses. She pleaded not guilty and accused the girls of lying. Carriers youngest children were coerced into testifying against their mother, and her sons Andrew (18) and Richard (15) were also accused, as was her daughter Sarah (7). Sarah confessed first, after which her son Thomas Jr. did as well. Then, under torture (their necks tied to their heels), Andrew and Richard also confessed, all implicating their mother. In July, Ann Foster, another woman accused in the trials, also implicated Martha Carrier, a pattern of the accused naming other people that was repeated again and again. Found Guilty On August 2, the court heard testimony against Carrier, George Jacobs Sr., George Burroughs, John Willard, and John and Elizabeth Proctor. On August 5, a trial jury found all six guilty of witchcraft and sentenced them to hang. Carrier was 33 years old when she was hanged on Salems Gallows Hill on August 19, 1692, with Jacobs, Burroughs, Willard, and John Proctor. Elizabeth Proctor was spared and later freed. Carrier shouted her innocence from the scaffold, refusing to confess to a falsehood so filthy even though it would have helped her avoid hanging. Cotton Mather, a Puritan minister and author at the center of the witch trials, was an observer at the hanging, and in his diary he noted Carrier as a rampant hag and possible Queen of Hell. Historians have theorized that Carrier was victimized because of a fight between two local ministers over disputed property or because of the selective smallpox effects in her family and community. Most agree, however, that her reputation as a disagreeable member of the community could have contributed. Legacy In addition to those who died, about 150 men, women, and children were accused. But by September 1692, the hysteria had begun to abate. Public opinion turned against the trials. The Massachusetts General Court eventually annulled verdicts against the accused witches and granted indemnities to their families. In 1711, Carriers family received 7 pounds and 6 shillings as recompense for her conviction. But bitterness lingered inside and outside the communities. The vivid and painful legacy of the Salem witch trials has endured for centuries as a horrific example of false witness. Noted playwright Arthur Miller dramatized the events of 1692 in his 1953 Tony Award-winning play â€Å"The Crucible,† using the trials as an allegory for the anti-Communist â€Å"witch hunts† led by Sen.  Joseph McCarthy  in the 1950s. Miller himself was caught up in McCarthys net, likely because of his play. Sources Salem Witch Trials Timeline. ThoughtCo.The Salem Witch Trials Victims: Who Were They? HistoryofMassachusetts.org.Salem Witch Trials. History.com.Salem Witchcraft Trials. WomensHistoryBlog.com.

What To Do When Content Marketing Isn’t Working With Jon Henshaw

What To Do When Content Marketing Isn’t Working With Jon Henshaw You know that content marketing has the potential to grow your company. What if you’re not getting results, though? If you don’t have something unique to say or value to offer, it’s tough to get traction in a competitive environment. How can you create unique ideas and overcome mediocre results? Today we’re going to be talking to Jon Henshaw, an accomplished product builder and content marketer. Jon co-founded Raven Tools and is now with CBS Interactive. We’re going to talk about how to fix broken content marketing. You won’t want to miss today’s show! Powered by PodcastMotor Actionable Content Marketing powered by By AMP070: What To Do When Your Content Marketing Isn't Working With Jon Henshaw 00:00/00:00 1x 100 > Download file Subscribe on iTunes Leave Review Share Some of the highlights of this episode include: What Jon’s been up to over the past decade, from building up Raven Tools from nothing to entering the world of content marketing. Some of the â€Å"wins† that Jon has experienced over the years, as well as a â€Å"loss.† Jon’s process for staying ahead of the curve when it comes to content marketing. Tips on tackling the types of big, unique projects that will pan out, as well as Jon’s thoughts on the risks involved. How Jon promotes his biggest projects for maximum benefit. Where SEO fits into the promotion strategy. Jon’s favorite part of content marketing. Links: Jon on LinkedIn Raven Tools CBS Interactive GA Config Email a screenshot of your iTunes review to podcast@.com If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud,  Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Jon: â€Å"One of the great things about content marketing is that it kind of levels the playing field among other companies. You don’t have to have the tens of thousands of dollars or more in paid advertising budget. You just have to have good ideas.† â€Å"The internet is a big place and yes, most things have already been done You have to be even more creative.† â€Å"The part that I geek out the most on is actually putting that content together and writing the code behind that content so that it can perform really well.†

How the marketing mix is used to create superior customer experience Essay - 1

How the marketing mix is used to create superior customer experience - Essay Example It is essential to understand why the topic is being researched. While most fast food companies have been trying to enhance customer experience, not all succeed. This is why the research objectives of this study are to ascertain the extent to which the four elements of marketing mix contribute towards superior customer experience. With the focus on McDonalds, the global fast food company, the study aims to understand the way the four elements have to be adjusted by McDonalds in its global operations. This would enable the restaurant and the fast food sector to understand where they lack and rectify their marketing mix strategy. Research design is the process of collecting, analyzing and presenting the data for the research. Knox (2004) suggests that there must be a link between the theory and argument, and the data collected. This enables the researcher to understand the constraints of the research and take an informed decision of the research process. Determining the research philosophy helps understand the issues involved in the research process and also understand how the data should be interpreted. There are different ways to interpret knowledge but the two most commonly used methods are the positivism (deductive/quantitative with hypothesis testing) and interpretivism (inductive/qualitative with hypothesis generalizations). The arguments are deductively strong if the conclusion is true, whatever may be the premises. On the other hand, if the premises support the conclusion then the argument is inductively strong (Rips, 2001). However, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages and hence the method chosen depends upon several factors. These factors include the purpose and the subject of the research, the size of the sample. Both these methods – the qualitative and the quantitative methods of research are linked to the interpretation of the philosophy – positivism and interpretivism. Positivism is based on the

The guest worker program and immigrants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The guest worker program and immigrants - Essay Example After one and a half years of temporary residency the individual can apply for permanent legal rights by demonstration of minimal knowledge of English language, US history and administration. If the guest worker program is legalized the government would require to create and grant 200,000 two year visas every year. In this context, it may be noted, â€Å"As of November 2, 1989 2,059,600 persons of all nationalities had been approved as temporary residents among 3,031,166 who had applied for legalization and had received preliminary processing, only 115,646 applications had been denied, 612 cases had been terminated and 855,300 are pending.†. The guest worker program was introduced in United States in 2004 to attract the much-needed labor at that time in different industries. This program aimed at improving the lives of the immigrants in the United States by offering them opportunities open in the country. Under this program the job positions that remain unfilled by the America ns can be offered to the immigrants who have valid work permit. The system required the employers, contributing to the guest worker program, to register the non-American employees hired, such that the government could maintain a record. This policy helped in filling up the positions that did not attract the American Workers. This program helped in registrations of many immigrants. The government provided permits to the immigrants participating in the Guest worker program, for a period of three years, after which the permit was renewed if the certain requirements were met.

Apartheid in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Apartheid in South Africa Essay The Apartheid legislation was a system of governance that made a huge impact in South Africa in the 20th century. It was introduced by the national party after they were elected in the 1948 election. It was a form of segregation that discriminated against the races in South Africa. It was the law in South Africa for 46 years. The Apartheid sparked lots of internal resistance with violent riots and protests taking place by groups of people. Nelson Mandela was a leading force in the opposition on Apartheid and did everything in his powers to destroy it. His voice was heard all over the country when he was the leader of Anti Apartheid movements and when he was in jail. Apartheid Legislation had a detrimental impact on society in South Africa. It was pioneered in 1948 by the newly appointed national party of South Africa when they came to power. The struggle for the end of Apartheid was long lived as it lasted until 1994 when the National party lost the election. Apartheid was the segregation of the South African people into different race groups such coloured, white, Asian and Indian. Residential areas were segregated as well as Education, medi-care, beaches, and other public areas. Although the residential areas and other public facilities were separated, the quality of living for the blacks was substantially less than that of which the whites enjoyed. Sports in South Africa were also majorly affected as South Africa was banned from some international sports such as cricket. Women weren’t left out of the equation as they struggled to gain proper rights and freedoms as most of the men experienced. Black people or natives, over time, were deprived of their citizenships and forced to live in tribes with their own people away from the city. Numerous laws were made that affected the black people immensely and stripped them of their rights and freedoms. Apartheid struck society hugely at the time of its induction and changed the way life was lived. Many factors contributed to the severity of Apartheid, no more so than the new laws that were created shortly after its introduction. These laws were made to discriminate directly against the blacks of South Africa and create white supremacy. As a result of these laws many black people in the community struggled for basic rights and freedoms. The first powerful law to be created was the  Preservation of Separate Amenities Act 1953. This law separated all parts of society from blacks and whites. The separation wasn’t equal and as a result of this the black people got the inferior side of every facility. This was the separation of every aspect of society from beaches and parks to toilets and shops. The main aim was to exclude citizens from Premises, vehicles or services based on their race. The best facilities were reserved for the white people. Education was not spared as another law was made (Bantu Education Act 1951) that restricted black children from receiving the same education as the white children. The government at the time thought that the career opportunities for black kids were limited and they were best to learn skills that would help their families in their tribes. As of that day, the black children received a substantially lower level of education than the white children of South Africa. The government spent six times as much money on white education which only made up about 20% of the country at that time. Nelson Mandela valued Education so highly in his views and once said that â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. [1] Both of these laws helped to create a large gap in society between the black and white people, one being very much better off than the other. Apartheid in South Africa aimed to strip the black people of all their rights and freedoms. This was achieved by two controversial laws. The Abolition of passes act 1953 and the Bantu Homeland act 1952. The abolition of passes act forced black people to carry identifica tion with them at all times. A pass included a photograph, details of place of origin, employment record, tax payments, and encounters with the police. It was a criminal offence to not be carrying a pass when encountered by a police officer. Africans were frequently harassed for their passes and countless numbers were arrested for it. Local citizens burned them or didn’t carry them as a sign of protest. Mass protests by blacks by not carrying their passes lead to the murder of 69 in the ‘Sharpeville Massacre’. The Bantu Homeland act was the second law that took everything away from the blacks. Through this law, the white government declares that the lands reserved for black Africans are independent nations therefore, not being a part of South Africa. In this way, the government was able to strip millions of blacks of their South African citizenship and force them to become residents of their new homelands. Blacks were then considered foreigners in white-controlled South Africa, and needed passports to enter. Blacks only entered to perform jobs that assisted whites. The law was made to ensure that the White people of South Africa would inhabit most of the main areas of the country leaving the Blacks to live on the outskirts in shocking conditions. A quote by an influential student leader Steve Bantu Biko The blacks are tired of standing at the touchlines to witness a game that they should be playing. They want to do things for themselves and all by themselves. [2] suggests that the blacks were sick of having no place in society and want their own rights and freedoms which was the obvious feeling at the time. This law is a huge violation of human rights and really emphasised the affects of the new government regime at the time. The Anti Apartheid movements were influential movements that fought for the destruction of Apartheid legislation in South Africa. They were a worldwide movement that aimed to abolish South Africa’s government system of Racial Apartheid. The anti Apartheid movement came into action both within and outside South Africa. The ANC was the first movement to be created. A second organization Split from the ANC and called themselves the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). They used civil disobedience, strikes and protest marches to oppose the apartheid legislation. After the ‘Sharpeville Massacre’, when police opened fire and killed 69 protestors, the direction of the movement changed. The ANC decided to adopt armed resistance against the state. This sparked many protestors to speak out. Both Organisations were banned after this Massacre and it forced them to move into hiding and continue their operations in private. They created an armed military wing ‘Umkhonto we Sizwe’ lead by Nelson Mandela and planned attacks on the state. After their first attack, their leader Mandela was sent to jail for life along with a few other leaders. At the trail to his sentence Mandela he said We are not anti-white, we are against white supremacy †¦ we have condemned racialism no matter by whom it is professed. [3]This quote shows that Mandela wasn’t racist and just wanted quality and proper human rights. Many bouts of protest broke out in South Africa after the massacre and trial, mostly by school students, and groups were made to speak out against the Apartheid legislation. The movement were starting to gain momentum and there voices were being heard further around the world. The Anti Apartheid movements were the cor nerstone to the destruction of Apartheid legislation. The movements are the reason for the popularity loss of Apartheid and the rise of Nelson Mandela as a civil rights activist. The Arrests and killing of influential members of the movement only sparked up a bigger, more aggressive reaction and more people wanted to get involved in the cause. The black conscientious movement was made by black tertiary students in 1971 and represented black pride. This idea of black pride empowered many South Africans to believe that they are a strong people and can fight for their rights. Students in Soweto in 1979 rose up against Apartheid inspired by many around them. While in protest 29 were killed and many injured by police opening fire. This sparked more and more people to rise up against the state. Labour unions played a massive role in the struggle against apartheid. In 1979 as a result of the protesting, black trade unions were legalized which was a massive win. At the same time church groups also spoke out against the evils of Apartheid. All of these people were inspired by the actions of the Anti Apartheid movements that went before them. Thabo Mbeki a South African Politian summed up the views of many South Africans at the time by saying â€Å"South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black or white. [4] This view was felt across the country by the struggling black people. The ANC and PAC affected most of the population of South Africa in some way and help get rid of the Apartheid legislation. They were the cause for the changes that took place in society over the years. Nelson Mandela played arguably the biggest role in the destruction of the Apartheid legislation in South Africa. Working with the ANC he S poke out against Apartheid and the injustice to his people. Mandela worked hard as the leader of the ANC and planned many protests on the state to help push for the abolishment of Apartheid. He was one of the most influential speakers of his time and many oppressed people heard his voice loud and clear. Under apartheid Mandela served nearly 27 years in prison but he never gave up the fight. When Mandela was imprisoned at Robben Island he continued his work and teachings. In South Africa and around the world, Nelson Mandelas anti-apartheid messages gained in popularity. This meant that his voice was heard by more and more people. Many tried to free him when he was in jail. Support for Mandela was so immense that he was able to be equitted of his charges and released in 1990. Before he was released the PM of South Africa at the time said As soon as he renounces violence and undertakes not to start violence in South Africa, government will release him. [5]The quotes suggest that the government did not want any further violence from his demonstrations in the near future otherwise he would be kept in jail and if he showed no signs of violence he would be let out. This shows trust between the two. He was able to become the leader of the ANC once again and was a leading force in South Africa. He was able to negotiate a multi-racial election in 1994 where his party won. He became prime minister and with this he abolished Apartheid legislation. In his Inaugural speech as prime minister he says â€Å"Today we are entering a new era for our country and our people. Today we celebrate not the victory of a party, but a victory for all the people of South Africa†[6]. This optimism really highlighted his attitude towards life and freedom and is why he was such a loved and influential leader. Without his voice throughout the country and the world, South Africa would have struggled to get out the Government legislation that was Apartheid Apartheid legislation in South Africa was immensely influential on society. It was one of the worst legislations to ever be put down by a government. The black community of South Africa was severely affected by this legislation with most of their rights and freedoms stripped off them. As a result of the laws and other factors, the majority of the native South Africans lived a lift without the freedom and rights that most enjoy today. Nelson Mandela with the help of the Anti Apartheid organisations pushed to stop the legislation in its tracks. He was eventually successful with his peruse of freedom and because of this he is one of the most influential men to have ever lived.

Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html

In Penal Colony Discussion on Narration

The narration of the story is in third person through the explorer. The explorer's thoughts and emotions are known by the narrator but the other characters’ minds cannot be read. Even though the narration is done through the explorer, there are many instances where we do not know what the explorer is thinking, therefore this can be classified as limited omniscient, moreover, the narrator in the story does not show any emotional attachment to the events around him or comment on the legality of what is taking place rather he simply describes the proceedings in a very monotonous way.For example, when the explorer finds out that the condemned man will be put to death by a machine without any chance of defending himself or having his innocence or guilt proven, the narrator shows no reaction to this unjust act. He continues to understate situations which would normally cause some type of reaction. Perhaps this is done intentionally so as to not influence the reader and let the reade r formulate their own thoughts.But, by being a passive bystander as the events unfold, one does feel a sense of helplessness and even some guilt as this line shows: â€Å"The explorer wanted to intervene and possibly bring the whole thing to a standstill; this was no torture such as the officer wished to achieve, this was outright murder. † (p. 73). This event, where the officer dies, is called a â€Å"murder† as the original purpose of the machine, to execute over twelve hours is not realized. The explorer is impressed by the officer’s devotion to the machine but the lack of action makes the narrator untrustworthy.

Determined and Free Will Essay

At this point in my life I believe there is a balance in how many of our choices are determined and how many are free. The things that are determined for us are factors like what we are born into such as our ethnicity and social status. Also, if your parents are religious, you are raised under the influence of that religion. Most children embrace that faith as their own. These are life factors that you can change eventually, but usually due to societal influences you stay with these predetermined decisions. Certain determined things won’t ever be able to be altered. The color of your skin, and how you are treated because of it, is determined by where we are placed in life. Whether we are born with a medical condition or disorder is something we have no control over. Also, whether we have access to higher education or opportunity to move social classes. Many circumstances we don’t have power over are situational. The free will choices in our lives are day-to-day decisions that we make. However, these choices can have a major impact in our lives. I think there are many influences that can affect your free will, but the final decision lies in your own hands. You decide what social and personal influences infiltrate your decision, and in that is power. Things like your faith and morals shape who you are, so to make a decision with absolutely no influence is not necessarily of your own â€Å"free will†. Free will is having a say in your own decisions, it doesn’t matter what influences you unless you feel it limits you. I also believe that people differ in the amount of free will they have. The predetermined factors are generally the same for everyone, but the free choices are different. This is because people choose to let certain factors limit them, and others do not. If someone cares whether others judge him or her, they are less likely to decide to do something they really want if it is odd or embarrassing. Same method works if someone cares if their parents approve or not of their choices. These are limitations to your free will that you choose to adhere to.

How To Set Up A Computer essays

How To Set Up A Computer essays When you set up a computer, all you have to do is set it in the desired location, and hook up the connections. There are pieces that you must have when setting up a computer. Those pieces are; a keyboard, a mouse, a monitor, a tower, and two power cables (one for the monitor, and one for the tower). If you have just bought a new computer, it may come with more than those things. I am not going to get into those, I am just explaining how to set up a basic computer. You may want to use a surge protector to protect your computer from the damage of a power outage. If you follow these steps correctly, you should have a working computer ready for you to use. You should to start by finding your desired location for the computer. Some people use a desk, a table, or sometimes the floor. For this set of instructions, I am going to be using a table. Begin by placing the monitor on the table. You want to set it a little further away from you than the center, but not much. Now, take the tower and set it on the left or right side of table, on the floor, or if you want, right next to the monitor. The next thing that you want to do, is to set the keyboard out in front of the monitor. Placing it so that if you try to type on it, you will be comfortable. Right next to it, on the left or right side, depending on if you are right or left handed, place the mouse. I am right handed, so I will put it on the right side. If you have a mouse pad, you can place it under the mouse. If you do not, it will work fine without one. Make sure that you have everything sitting in a good position so that you are comfortable, and you can have optimal perf ormance on the computer. Now that you have everything positioned how you want it, the next thing you need to do is hook it up. Walk around to the back of the tower and plug in the power cable. The power cable is one of the two cables that will actually go into an outlet. Take the end of the ca...

Hoffmann Surname Meaning and Family History

Hoffmann Surname Meaning and Family History The Hoffmann surname originated as a nickname for a farmer who owned his land rather than rented, from the Middle High German Hofman, meaning person working on a farm. The name eventually came to denote a steward (manager) of a manor farm; as such, it was widespread throughout central and eastern Europe, in both German and non-German-speaking countries. Hoffmann is the 10th most common German surname. Surname Origin: German, Jewish Alternate Surname Spellings:  HOFMAN, HOFMANN, HOFFMAN, HOFMANS, HUFFMAN, HUFFMANN, GOFMAN, HAUFFMAN, HOUGHMAN, HUFMAN Famous People with the HOFFMANN  Surname Dustin Hoffman  - Oscar-winning actorAbbie Hoffman  - American political activist; founder of  the Youth International PartyPhilip Seymour Hoffman  - American actor and directorGaby Hoffmann - American film and television actressErnst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann  (E. T. A. Hoffmann) - German Romantic author of fantasy and horrorAlbert Hofmann - Swiss scientist; best known for his discovery of LSDRoald Hoffmann - American theoretical Nobel Prize-winning  chemistFelix Hoffmann - German chemist best-known for inventing aspirin Where is the HOFFMANN Surname Most Common? According to surname distribution from Forebears, the Hoffmann surname is most prevalent in Germany, where it ranks as the 7th most common surname in the nation, but is used by a greater percentage of the population in Luxembourg, where it is the 3rd most common surname. It is also fairly common in Austria (74th), Denmark (116th) and Switzerland (150th). The Hoffman spelling, on the other hand, is most prevalent in the United States, although this spelling is not always derived from the German Hoffmann. According to WorldNames PublicProfiler, Hoffmann is found most frequently in southwest Germany, especially the states of Saarland and Rheinland-Pfalz, followed by the northeast German states of Brandenburg and Sachsen-Anhalt. The Hofmann spelling of this surname is also found primarily in Germany, but  in the states of Sachsen, Hessen, Bayern and Thuringen, followed by Zurich, Switzerland. Genealogy Resources for the Surname HOFFMANN Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Hoffmann  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Hoffmann  family crest or coat of arms for the Hoffmann surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. DistantCousin.com - HOFFMANN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Hoffmann. The Hoffmann  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Hoffmann  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997 https://www.thoughtco.com/surname-meanings-and-origins-s2-1422408

How Poverty Causes Crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How Poverty Causes Crimes - Essay Example Both theories are of great significance for designing social strategies and policies to combat crime. According to the research conducted by the United States Government Accountability Office (2007), individuals living in poverty face an increased risk of adverse outcomes such as poor health and criminal activity. American healthcare system itself can be a factor that makes people vulnerable to poverty. Among the industrial nations, U.S. is the only country that does not have a universal healthcare policy for its citizens. Although American healthcare service is believed to be the best, the dramatic increase in cost, high drug prices, fraudulent activities, healthcare abuse, and unfair coalitions have left the system extremely fragmented. For the majority of the population hospital bills have become unaffordable. According to Marilyn Elias (2009), for some families, just one added stressor is enough to push them over the edge into violence. Although hospitals are highly equipped with the advanced technology and modern facilities, majority of people do not have the access to adequate healthcare service due the escalating cost of drugs and services. To illustrate, the study proves that "as many as 195,000 people may well be dying in American hospitals each year because of avoidable medical errors, and as many as 1.5 million may well be misdiagnosed" (Coates 61-62). The recent economic recession has made the situation more complex. It has contributed to more frequent violence, more violent abuse, and more deadly abuse when the domestic violence already exists. For instance, there has recently been a 25 percent increase in felony-level domestic violence crimes in Rhode Island, and a three-fold increase in domestic violence related homicides in Massachusetts during the same period (Lauby and Else, 2008). Another argument suggests that crime is being promoted by certain social

See Below Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

See Below - Research Paper Example the politics/administration dichotomy 1900-1926; the principles of administration, 1927-1937; public administration as political science, 1950-1970 and public administration administrative science. The article will offer relevant information on the differences before and after implementation of scientific approach. Holzer, Marc and Gabrielian Vatche. â€Å"Five Great ideas in American public administration.† Principles and Practices of Public Administration. Ed. Jack Rabin, Robert F. Munzenrider and Sherrie M. Bartell. New Jersey: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003. 1-55. Books a million. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. The author reveals that public administration in America is concerned with application of social and other sciences to public problems. Through acting as a bridge between sciences and public problems, public administration has constantly been able to adapt to the changing nature of government of the twenty first century both in practice and in theory. The article defines public administration as one of the fields responsible for the shaping of the American political association. Kettl reveals that the role of controlling government is left to the public administrators and managers in America and they are also responsible for the effective functioning of the government. In this case, public administration is responsible for finding solutions to governance problems in order to resolve public performance and citizen confidence. From the article, public administration should remain sharply separated from politics in America and so should public management remain separated from private management. The distinction of public administration practice is essential for the establishment of well-organized bureaucracies that can cope with formidable issues generated by ethnic diversity, globalization and industrialization. When compared to other international Bureaucracies, the scientific approach to public administration has enabled the political system in the United States to

Diabetes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Diabetes - Article Example When conducting this research, I noticed that the methodology employed was representative because it employed random sampling thus avoided any instance of bias, the sample size of 190 participants was essential in minimizing the margin of error, and the study was approved the board of the university of Hawaii hence making it a professional research endeavor. The qualitative nature of design was essential in understanding the real effects of diabetes and offered the participants with an opportunity to offer their views.The data collection and analysis techniques were above standard because I noticed that a third layer analysis managed to examine the main subjects of the responses and identified the barriers to service needs of diabetes. When conducting the research, I found out that the results of the research fulfilled the objectives of the study. I discovered that the disease had pervasive effects on the lives of participants who had diabetic, there were a number of barriers to management of the conditions,participants needed psychological and social support to deal with emotional impacts of the disease, and need for monetary support was addressed. From my analysis and study, the conclusion managed to cover all issue involved in the findings and how they can be applied to the society in general. The study offered an insight on challenges of diabetes, how the challenges can be handled and future initiatives to combat the disease.As such, the conclusion is relevant to the study. My7 study does not have a clear implication of study how I can recommend that diabetes being a metabolic disease needs to be given much attention by healthcare fraternity, policy makers and the society in general. Landry Fukunaga, Denise Uehara and Tammy Tom.(2011).Perceptions of Diabetes, Barriers to Disease Management, and Service Needs: A Focus Group Study of Working Adults with Diabetes in

Construction Plan for Business Expansion | Case Study

Construction Plan for Business Expansion | Case Study BEJAY GILOI YAPP Task 1 SENARIO 1 Building economics is a small part of a much larger subject of environmental economics whereby it consists of the application of the techniques and expertise of economics to construction projects. Its is important as economics are introduced in the early design stage for the entire build team and even for the client. This is concerned with the study of man’s needs in connection with shelter and the suitable and appropriate conditions in which to live. Building economics is also important to ensure that the resources available to the industry is effectively used and not wasted. Moreover, it ensures the increase rate of growth of construction work in the most efficient manner. Consideration must be given to other economic aspects such as the roles of the profession and the division of design and construction. Furthermore, the types of development and the size of the industry and its relationship to other industries should also be considered. Lastly, it is important that the types and sizes of construction firms and the variations in building costs and its influencing factors to be considered. Task 2 SCENARIO 2 Before Mr. Hashim should purchase a new office block to expand his business, I would advice him about a few factors that he might need to consider. The factors are as follows: One of the factors that Mr. Hashim should consider is the Accessibility. The site should be easily accessible by automobile and within walking distance of some potential users. Mr. Hashim should also count in the safety of the location whereby it would be safe for potential users to work in the proposed location. Next, is the Visibility of the office block. It is important that a prominent location is required so that the users can easily identify the office block. Visual Quality is also one of the factors that should be taken as the quality of the existing neighborhood or surroundings needs to complement with the office block. For example, it is not appropriate to set up an office whereby the surrounding buildings are residential buildings. Moreover, Mr. Hashim should consider on the Site Capacity whereby the site should be large enough to provide sufficient space for the users including parking space or for future expansion. Most importantly, Mr. Hashim should consider on the rental cost or the building cost of the proposed office property. It should be reasonable or to say atleast following his budget. This is to ensure that the rentals or price of the office block are affordable so that he can run his business accordingly and in the same time his business can be profitable. Lastly, Mr. Hashim should also consider the Facilities provided around the office property. For example, the presence of restaurants, cafes and department stores which will be really beneficial for him and his workers as they will not need to travel far to have there meals during Break hours. We can almost say that the meaning of the words Value and Cost are almost similar, although when it comes to building economic terms, these two components have totally different definitions. Value is usually meant by the sum of original cost estimates and assumptions. Although in building economic terms, value can be defined as the measure of benefits that an individual or company can gain either form goods or service. In construction, value is what the building is worth based on various market rates. It can be said that the as the demand and supply for a particular building or product increases, the value will also increase accordingly. Value can also be the amount of money that say, an asset has for a certain time period whether at present or any other time. There are few factors that can affect the value of a certain building. As for example the Location of a proposed project as a 2 Story Bungalow build in the center of the city has a different Value compared to a 2 Story Bungalow built in the village. Cost can be defined as the expenses or actual cost of a given project. In other words, it can also be defined as the total price of the project itself beginning from the design process to the finishing. This can be related to the components of cost which are the labor cost, material cost, plant and equipment cost, overhead cost and also the profit. These components can majorly affect the cost. For example, during the construction process of a given project, there happens to be a major breakdown on the equipment used. This will surely affect the end cost of the project. Task 3 SCENARIO 3 Wall to Floor Area Ratio is the measurement of the total floor area built or to be built in relation to the total size measurement of the project. The Wall to Floor Area Ratio is calculated by dividing the External Wall Area (EWA) by the Gross Floor Area (GFA) and the result ratio can be used to compare the building designs. Calculations:(Floor Height = 3m) External Wall Area (EWA) = (10+10+10+10) X 3 = 120 Gross Floor Area (GFA) = (10 X 10) = 100 EWA GFA = 120100 = 1.2 Calculations:(Floor Height = 3m) External Wall Area (EWA) = (10+5+15+5+10+5) = 150 Gross Floor Area (GFA) = A (10 X 5) + B (10 X 5) = 100 EWA GFA = 150100 = 1.5 FIRST SECOND Gross Floor Area (GFA) (10 X 10) = 100 A(10 X 5) + B(10 X 5) = 100 External Wall Area (EWA) (10+10+10+10) X 3 = 120 (10+5+15+5+10+5) = 150 EWA/GFA 1.2 1.5 Based on the calculations, the FIRST floor plan is more economical because it has a lower wall to floor ratio which is 1.2 compared to the SECOND floor plan with a wall to floor area ratio of 1.5. The lower the wall to floor ratio, the more economic will be the design. Task 4 SCENARIO 4 (i) Time- Time can be defined as the given period or length of time during any construction process. Time should be discussed in detail to the client so that they may know when the construction project starts and when is the given time for the completion of the project to be done according to the deadline. (ii) Cost It is the total cost of the project to be finished up or completed. The cost of a given project should be carefully analyzed and controlled from over budgeting and causing problems to the build team and especially to the client. Cost can come from the proposed land the project to be built, the materials used for construction and other various factors. (iii)Quality It is based on the finished product and will be judged by the client itself either from the quality of design, its looks and its overall function. It is also judged through the ability of the contractor to execute the project in such a way that the finished product is according to the client expectations and that the finished product does what it is intended. The three components, Time, Cost and Quality in the construction industry do play a big role in the success of a construction project. Although, these components should be balanced to ensure the success of a construction project. For example, if we reduce the time for a given project, the cost will drastically increase and the quality of work also increase. For example, Mr. Kumar is deciding to further expand his current business. He currently owns a 2 Block Restaurant and now he is deciding to extend his restaurant. Although, there are a few factors that have to be suggested by Mr. Kumar’s consultant in order to minimize the total end cost of the project itself. It would be great for Mr. Kumar to have a specific time line for the construction of the new extension of his current restaurant. This is to ensure that expenses for the project will be used by the best way possible and that his investment is profitable. Having a very short time period of construction process would only burden him as the cost of the construction process will be a bit more expensive but in the other hand, this will result in a great quality in it. The extension of the restaurant will surely be able to have a return on Mr. Kumar’s investment if it has a short time period of construction time and will eventually incur a high price, but in the end hav e a great quality on the project. Task 5 Quality in the construction industry usually means excellence. It is the totality of the attributes of a building in which enable it to satisfy needs, including the way in which individual attributes are related, balanced and integrated in the whole building and its surroundings. Thus, it is also considered a philosophy rather than a mere attribute. For example, we tend to judge the two objects by their qualities. In the construction industry especially in manufacturing, quality can be divided into different parts such as quality control, quality assurance and many others. Quality in the construction industry can also be devided into different views, which are the customer’s view itself, the producer’s view and the government’s view. In Malaysia, we have certain certifying bodies based on the construction projects. For example, we have Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) and Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) whereby these bodies set their own regulations to con trol the Quality of work according to the views of different clients. Whereby Standards in the construction industry is more to achieving a recognized level of quality within an organization. For example, to ensure that a proper standard of insulation is done and the proper standard of carpentry is done on a house according to the given standards within an organization. For Standards, there are also several certifying bodies in Malaysia. For example, SIRIM QAS International Sdn. Bhd. And Bureau Verritas Certification Sdn. Bhd. Which is responsible of controlling the standards on the construction products in Malaysia. There are three categories of quality cost. Firstly, is the Prevention Cost whereby its main purpose is to avoid defects on the product in the beginning of production stage. It also supports activities whose purpose is to reduce the number of defects of the products. For example, this costs in put in place through methods and procedures which ensures that the product is made according to its standards, meet its requirements and that it is made according to the design. Secondly, is the Appraisal Cost, whereby it is usually influenced by a third party. Appraisal Cost or also know as Inspection Cost where its main function is to identify defective products before the products are shipped to costumers. For example, some sample of the products pass through another inspection test or quality test before being certified to be packed and shipped to the costumers. Lastly, is the Inter Failure Cost whereby this cost is divided into two, which are Internal Failure Cost and External Failure Cost. Internal Failure Cost is a result from identification of defects before they are shipped to customers while the External Failure Cost include warranty, repairs and replacements of the product.